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24,576 grants matching “microbiome”
THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF THE PROPOSED STUDIES IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER DIETARY RESISTANT STARCH (RS) PREVENTS DISRUPTION OF RENAL VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND RELATED COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 1 (T1) AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY ALTERING THE GUT MICROBIOME. VITAMIN D METABOLISM IS COMPROMISED IN RODENT MODELS OF T1 AND T2D DUE TO URINARY LOSS OF BOTH THE MAJOR CIRCULATING METABOLITE OF VITAMIN D, 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 AND THE ACTIVE HORMONE, 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3. FEEDING T1 AND T2D RATS HIGH-AMYLOSE MAIZE CONTAINING ~35% RS PREVENTED URINARY LOSS OF VITAMIN D BY PROTECTING RENAL INTEGRITY. THOUGH MARKEDLY DIABETIC, RS-FED T2D RATS EXHIBITED ROBUST RENAL HANDLING OF VITAMIN D, INDICATING PROTEIN REABSORPTION CAPABILITIES WERE PROTECTED. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DETERMINE HOW RS MAINTAINS VITAMIN D BALANCE AND SIGNALING IN T1 AND T2D. THE CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS IS THAT THE INTRARENAL RAS MODULATES EXCRETION AND SIGNALING OF VITAMIN D IN T1 AND T2D. A COROLLARY TO THIS HYPOTHESIS IS THAT VITAMIN D REUPTAKE AND SIGNALING WILL BE PROTECTED IN DIABETIC RATS FED DIETARY RS THROUGH SUPPRESSION OF THE INTRARENAL RAS AND THE PROMOTION OF KIDNEY HEALTH BY ALTERING THE GUT MICROBIOME. MOREOVER, PREVENTION OF VITAMIN D EXCRETION BY INHIBITING RAS THROUGH DIETARY MODIFICATIONS WILL ATTENUATE DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. TWO SPECIFIC AIMS WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS: (1) TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE INTRARENAL RAS MODULATES THE ACTIONS OF VITAMIN D DURING T1 AND T2D; AND (2) TO DETERMINE WHETHER PREVENTION OF VITAMIN D EXCRETION BY RS IS MEDIATED BY THE MICROBIOME.
$500,000Iowa State University Of Science And Technology · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
CURRENT GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF FRUITS IS WELL BELOW USDA RECOMMENDATIONS, AND EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT OF ALL FOOD GROUPS, FRUITS HAVE THE STRONGEST INVERSE RELATIONSHIP TO PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. NUMEROUS OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ALSO SUGGEST THAT INVERSE RELATIONSHIPS EXIST BETWEEN INTAKE OF FRUITS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES, SOME CANCERS, AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. ADDITIONALLY, A GROWING BODY OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE (MOSTLY SMALL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS) DEMONSTRATES POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC FRUITS ON CERTAIN RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC DISEASES, COGNITIVE HEALTH AND MOTOR CONTROL; HOWEVER, LITTLE RESEARCH ON THE AVAILABLE USDA RECOMMENDATIONS HAS BEEN CONDUCTED AND MUCH MORE RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF OVERALL INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF FRUITS FOR IMPROVED HEALTH AND SPECIFIC DISEASE PREVENTION STRATEGIES IS STILL NEEDED. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY ARE TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF FRUIT CONSUMPTION ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND THEIR COLLECTIVE FECAL AND PLASMA METABOLOMES, VASCULAR ANDCARDIOMETABOLIC FUNCTIONS, COGNITION, AND MOTOR CONTROL. OUR FINDINGS WILL PROVIDE DATA CRITICAL TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE EFFECTS OF FRUIT INTAKE ON THE GUT MICROBIOME AND THE CAPACITY OF THE MICROBIOTA TO BIOTRANSFORM NUTRIENTS CONTAINED WITHIN FRUITS AS WELL AS THE SUBSEQUENT IMPACT ON CIRCULATING STATUS OF THOSE METABOLITES. CONCURRENTLY, WE WILL ASSESS HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT MAY BE LINKED TO THESE CHANGES INCLUDING COGNITION, MOTOR CONTROL, VASCULAR FUNCTION AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH RISK MARKERS IN HEALTHY ADULTS. THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION WILL IMPROVE OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE IMPACT OF FRUIT CONSUMPTION ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH.
$500,000San Diego State University Foundation · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
JUST AS NASA USED THE REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES (ROV) SPIRIT AND OPPORTUNITY TO GATHER AND RELAY INFORMATION THAT CONTINUES TO BROADEN UNDERSTANDING OF MARS, THIS PROGRAM WILL DEVELOP ROVS THAT WILL TRANSFORM OUR KNOWLEDGE OF RUMEN BIOLOGY AND FERMENTATION CHEMISTRY. THE RUMEN IS ONE OF THE PRIMARY DIGESTIVE CHAMBERS IN THE STOMACH OF A RUMINANT ANIMAL, SUCH AS A COW. ALTHOUGH THE COW RUMEN IS A VERY SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT, IMPROVING OUR ABILITY TO STUDY THIS ECOSYSTEM PROVIDES NOTABLE OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING OF FERMENTATION, FOOD PRODUCTION, AND ENERGY GENERATION, NOT JUST WITHIN CATTLE BUT WITHIN ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION ENVIRONMENTS IN GENERAL. RUMEN MICROORGANISMS ARE SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST EFFICIENT FERMENTERS OF FIBROUS MATERIALS HIGH IN CELLULOSE; HOWEVER, ONLY A FRACTION OF THE SPECIES IN THE RUMEN MICROBIOME HAVE BEEN SEQUENCED OR CULTURED. THE RUMEN ECOSYSTEM IS A COMPLEX HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT STRATIFIED VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY THAT CONTAINS MYRIAD SPECIALIZED MICROCLIMATES CAUSED BY DIFFERING DENSITY OF FEED PARTICLES AND O2 CONCENTRATIONS, AMONG OTHER FACTORS. THESE MICROCLIMATES ARE BELIEVED TO CREATE OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR UNIQUE MICROBIAL SPECIES THAT MAY HAVE DIFFERING FERMENTATION CAPACITY, AND THE STRATIFICATION WITHIN THE RUMEN MAY BE ONE CAUSE FOR DIFFICULTY IN CULTURING MANY OF THESE MICROORGANISMS OUTSIDE THE ANIMAL. CATTLE PROVIDE A UNIQUE MODEL ORGANISM FOR STUDYING ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF THEIR INDIVIDUALIZED FIBER FERMENTATION CAPABILITIES BUT ALSO BECAUSE THEIR SIZE ALLOWS FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES THAT ENABLE UNIQUE RESEARCH ACCESS DIRECTLY INTO THE RUMEN. TRADITIONALLY, THE INSERTION POINT FOR THE RUMEN ROV IS THROUGH THE CANNULA, A SURGICALLY PLACED PORT THROUGH THE SIDE OF THE ANIMAL INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF THE RUMEN. ALTHOUGH MANUAL SAMPLING THROUGH THE CANNULA IS THE INDUSTRY STANDARD, IT IS NOT IDEAL BECAUSE IT IS THOUGHT TO DISTURB THE RUMEN ENVIRONMENT BY INTRODUCING O2 AND MIXING RUMEN CONTENTS. AN INDWELLING RUMEN ROV WOULD NOT HAVE THESE LIMITATIONS AND WOULD ENHANCE THE OPPORTUNITY TO LINK SPECIFIC MICROBIAL SPECIES WITH PHYSICAL LOCATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE RUMEN. THIS IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING WILL NOT ONLY LEAD TO ADVANCEMENTS IN RUMEN BIOLOGY AND EFFICIENCY OF MEAT AND MILK PRODUCTION, BUT WILL ALSO ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF FERMENTATION CHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY, AND COULD POTENTIALLY LEAD TO NEW SPECIES IDENTIFICATION FOR USE IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND OTHER KEY INDUSTRIAL ENDPOINTS. FURTHERMORE, IF WIDELY ADOPTED, THE ROV WOULD ENABLE INVESTIGATION OF RUMEN MICROBIOMES THAT WILL SCALE ACROSS MULTIPLE ANIMALS, MULTIPLE LABORATORIES, AND MULTIPLE HERDS, ENABLING A BIG-DATA-FUELED SECONDARY COMMUNITY OF INVESTIGATORS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH ADDRESSES THE NRI-2.0 PROGRAM GOALS OF SCALABILITY BY PROVIDING ANIMAL AGRICULTURE ROBOTS FOR MONITORING AND SAMPLING THE RUMEN ENVIRONMENT THAT WILL IMPACT A VARIETY OF ANIMALS (E.G., COWS, SHEEP, GOATS) ANDOPENING OPPORTUNITY FOR FARMERS TO IMPROVE FOOD PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY, SAFETY AND QUALITY. FURTHER, THE PROGRAM WILL UTILIZE INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPING AND DELIVERING ROBOTICS INTO ANIMAL SCIENCE CURRICULA (SUCH INTEGRATION DOES NOT CURRENTLY EXIST) AND TO IMPACT A LARGE GROUP OF SECOND YEAR UNDERGRADUATES ACROSS MULTIPLE COLLEGES.
$500,000The Pennsylvania State University · · FY2019 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
OUR LONG-TERM GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN NUTRITION AND GUT HEALTH USING A PORCINE MODEL OF ISCHEMIC INTESTINAL INJURY TO INVESTIGATE MECHANISMS OF MUCOSAL REPAIR. IN PRELIMINARY STUDIES, WE HAVE SHOWN THAT DIETARY PROVISION OF ARACHIDONATE (ARA) TO NEONATES WITH ISCHEMIC INTESTINAL INJURY HASTENS REPAIR. NONETHELESS, RECOVERY OF INJURED MUCOSA REMAINS MARKEDLY IMPAIRED IN NEONATES COMPARED TO JUVENILE ANIMALS. THIS LED US TO INVESTIGATE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, WHICH ALTER THE MICROBIOME TO INDUCE MATURATION OF ENTERIC NEURAL ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN GUT BARRIER FUNCTION. OUR CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS IS THAT INTESTINAL REPAIR OF ISCHEMIC INJURY IN PORCINE NEONATES CAN BE SYNERGISTICALLY RESCUED BY A COMBINATION OF (1) DIETARY OLIGOSACCHARIDES, THAT WILL INTERACT WITH THE MICROBIOME TO ACCELERATE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUCOSAL EGC NETWORK AND THUS INCREASE THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF GLIAL-DERIVED PRO-REPARATIVE FACTORS, AND (2) ARA-DERIVED EICOSANOIDS WHICH WILL AUGMENT CLOSURE OF INTEREPITHELIAL TIGHT JUNCTIONS WITHIN RESTITUTING EPITHELIUM. OUR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ARE: 1) DETERMINE THE ABILITY OF FED OLIGOSACCHARIDES TO INDUCE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN ENTERIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES THAT HASTEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGC NETWORK; AND 2) DETERMINE IF SUPPLEMENTATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES AND ARA SYNERGISTICALLY HASTENS RECOVERY OF MUCOSAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN ISCHEMIC-INJURED NEONATAL INTESTINE BY STIMULATING EGC-REGULATED RESTITUTION AND CLOSURE OF ASSOCIATED TIGHT JUNCTIONS RESPECTIVELY. THE PROPOSED EXPERIMENTS WILL USE NOVEL PHYSIOLOGIC, CELLULAR, AND IMMUNOLABELING APPROACHES TO DEFINE DEVELOPMENT AND REPAIR OF PORCINE MUCOSA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TWO BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS. WE BELIEVE THE PROPOSED STUDIES WILL LEAD TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISTIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS AND GUT HEALTH.
$499,999North Carolina State University · · FY2019 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
RCN-UBE: Microbiomes In Computational Research Opportunities Network (MICROnet)
$499,999Adam P Arkin · University Of California-Berkeley · · FY2025 · BIO
The lung microbiota in cystic fibrosis
$499,999John J Lipuma · University Of Michigan At Ann Arbor · RC1 · FY2009 · HL
Washington National Primate Research Center
$499,999David M Anderson · University Of Washington · P51 · FY2019 · OD
The Surface of Hospitals Intensive Environmental Load Disinfection (SHIELD) Study
$499,999Brad J Spellberg · University Of Southern California · R01 · FY2017 · HS
RCN: AgMicrobiomes: An Interdisciplinary Research Network to Advance Microbiome Science in Agriculture
$499,998Linda L Kinkel · University Of Minnesota-Twin Cities · · FY2017 · BIO
A Carolina Center to Characterize and Maintain Mutant Mice
$499,997Terry R Magnuson · Univ Of North Carolina Chapel Hill · U42 · FY2021 · OD
BoCP-Design: US-China: Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that drive human microbiome diversity
$499,996Laura S Weyrich · Pennsylvania State Univ University Park · · FY2025 · BIO
CGV: Small: Illustration Inspired Visualization: A Gateway to Interacting with High-Dimensional Data
$499,995Klaus Mueller · Suny At Stony Brook · · FY2011 · CSE
Duke-UNC Prevention Epicenter Program for Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections
$499,985Deverick John Anderson · Duke University · U54 · FY2019 · CK
APPLICATION OF MICROBIOME TECHNIQUES TO MASTITIS CONTROL
$499,984University Of Wisconsin System · · FY2013 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Genetic control over the gut microbiome composition
$499,984Andrew K Benson · University Of Nebraska Lincoln · RC1 · FY2010 · DK
POOR NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES AND PERSISTS AS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM BOTH DOMESTICALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY. AGRICULTURE-BASED SOLUTIONS, SUCH AS INCREASING VITAMIN AND MINERAL CONTENT IN (BIOFORTIFICATION) OF CEREAL AND VEGETABLE CROPS CAN REPRESENT SUSTAINABLE MEANS OF IMPROVING FOOD AND NUTRITION QUALITY OF THE DIET AS WELL AS CHILD HEALTH OVERALL, OFTEN AT A LOWER COST, AND BE A PART OF A LARGER STRATEGY TO COMBAT CHILD MALNUTRITION. IN LIGHT OF THESE INTERVENTIONS' PROMISE, IT IS NECESSARY TO INCREASE THE EVIDENCE ON THEIR EFFECT ON CHILDHOOD NUTRITION STATUS, INCLUDING GUT HEALTH, TO INFORM FUTURE POLICY AND PROGRAMMING.OUR ONGOING, INDEPENDENTLY-FUNDED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL IN VILLAGES OF MADANAPALLE, SOUTH INDIA, IN 200 6-24-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS, REPRESENTS AN EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE EFFICACY OF BIOFORTIFIED STAPLE CROPS IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS (FUNDED BYHARVESTPLUS/INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE. ESTIMATED COMPLETION: DECEMBER 2020). THIS TRIAL WILL EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF THE DAILY PROVISION OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS MADE FROMSWEET POTATO, WHEAT, AND PEARL MILLETCROPS BIOFORTIFIED WITH 16 TIMES THE AMOUNT OF VITAMIN A, 4 TIMES THE AMOUNT OF IRON, AND 2 TIMES THE AMOUNT OF ZINC, COMPARED TO NON-BIOFORTIFIED VARIETIES WITH RESPECT TO IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING (SUCH AS LEARNING, THINKING, REASONING, ATTENTION, AND REMEMBERING), OVER 9 MONTHS OF FOLLOW-UP.WE PROPOSE TO ADD AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CHILDREN'S GUT BACTERIA (MICROBIOME) TO THE PARENT TRIAL DESIGN, WHICH IS ACOST-EFFICIENT APPROACHTO EXPLORING A COMPLEX QUESTION SUCH ASDOES A DIETARY INTERVENTION DELIVERING 50-100% OF THE ESTIMATED AVERAGE DAILY REQUIREMENT OF IRON, ZINC, AND VITAMIN A THROUGH BIOFORTIFIED CEREAL AND VEGETABLE CROPS IMPACT THE GUT MICROBIOME OVER 9 MONTHS OF CONSUMPTION?'. RECENT ADVANCES IN RESEARCH METHODS, TECHNOLOGY, AND STATISTICS PERTAINING TO THE STUDY OF THE GUT MICROBIOME PROVIDE A NEW AVENUE FOR EXPLORING THE MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION AND HEALTH AND HOW THEY CAN BE AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN DIET.DIET AND HOST NUTRITIONAL STATUS ARE IN A DELICATE BALANCE WITH THE GUT MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY. APART FROM MODIFYING THE COMPOSITION OF THE BACTERIA, FUNGI, AND VIRUSES RESIDING IN THE HUMAN GUT, DIET AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ALSO PROVIDE SUBSTRATE TO THESE MICROORGANISMS AND CONSEQUENTLY INFLUENCE THEIR FUNCTION. IN CHILDREN, PARTICULARLY EARLY IN LIFE, CRITICAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS IMMUNE AND COGNITIVE CAPACITY ARE IN GREATEST FLUX AND HIGHLY SENSITIVE TO EXTERNAL INPUTS SUCH AS NUTRITION. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE EXPLORED THE IMPACT OF DIETARY INTERVENTIONS ON THE GUT MICROBIOME AMONG ADULTS. HOWEVER, A STUDY FOCUSED ON THE IMPACTOFCONSUMING BIOFORTIFIED CROPSAND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON THE GUT MICROBIAL COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY, AND FUNCTION, LONGITUDINALLY ACROSS THE FIRST FEW YEARS OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD, WHICH IS A PERIOD OF RAPID GROWTH AND HIGHER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE, IS LACKING.WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AN ALREADY-FUNDED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL, WE HAVEA UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO ANSWER SOME OF THE YET INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD QUESTIONS IN THIS AREA OF RESEARCH:TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE LINKS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND DIETARY INPUTS AND THE GUT MICROBIOME IN EARLY LIFE, AND HELP IDENTIFY CRITICAL WINDOWS FOR INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE CHILD HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES AS WELL AS GLOBALLY.WE HYPOTHESIZETHAT THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF THE GUT MICROBIOME WILL BE AFFECTED BY THE DIETARY INTERVENTION AND ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMMUNE RESPONSE.THIS PROPOSAL, IN RESPONSE TO THE PRIORITY FOOD SAFETY, NUTRITION, AND HEALTHWILL ADDRESS THECHALLENGES OF A GROWING POPULATIONUSING BIOFORTIFIED CROPS, WHICH REPRESENT A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY AND OVERALL NUTRITION STATUS, INCLUDINGHUMAN FOOD, FIBER,AND MICRONUTRIENTNEEDS. IN TERMS OFSUSTAINABILITY,BIOFORTIFIED CROPS CAN BE GROWN BY LOCAL FARMERS,SUSTAINING THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FARM OPERATIONS. FURTHER, BIOFORTIFIED CROPS TOLERATE EXTREME CLIMATE CONDITIONS WELL, HAVING BEEN TESTED FOR THESE ATTRIBUTES, MAKING THEM HARDY CROPS FOR INCREASINGLY CLIMATE-AFFECTED DRIER REGIONS.××
$499,981Cornell University · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
STUDIES INVESTIGATING THE GUT MICROBIOME HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT HOST GENOTYPE INFLUENCES MICROBIAL SPECIES COMPOSITION. HOWEVER, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUMEN MICROBIOTA FUNCTION, HOST GENOTYPE AND HOW SUCH RELATIONSHIPS EFFECT FEED EFFICIENCY IN THE RUMINANT ANIMAL IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE FUNCTIONAL GENE PROFILE OF THE RUMEN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY CAN BE VIEWED AS A COMPLEX TRAIT THAT IS INFLUENCED BY HOST-GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT HAVE YET TO BE EXPLORED WITH RELATION TO FEED EFFICIENCY IS THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HOST GENETICS AND THE RUMEN MICROBIOTA FUNCTION. CONSEQUENTLY, THE GOAL OF THIS APPLICATION IS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY IN BEEF CATTLE BY INVESTIGATING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HOST GENETICS AND RUMEN MICROBIOTA FUNCTION. TO THIS END, WE WILL PURSUE THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: 1) ANALYZE A LARGE BEEF CATTLE POPULATION (N=750) AND CHARACTERIZE THE RUMEN MICROBIAL METABOLIC GENES, SEARCHING FOR FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND PATHWAYS OF THE MICROBIOMETHAT MAY INFLUENCE FEED EFFICIENCY; 2) TEST FUNCTIONAL GENES OF THE RUMEN MICROBIOTA ASSOCIATED WITH FEED EFFICIENCY FOR GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATIONS ON ANIMALS IMPUTED TO 770K SNP GENOTYPES TO DEVELOP A SUBSET OF SNPS THAT CAN BE USED FOR QTL DETECTION. THIS PROJECT WILL RESULT IN NEW GENETIC MARKERS BASED ON RUMEN FUNCTION FOR MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION TO IMPROVE FEED EFFICIENCY, IDENTIFY TECHNOLOGIES THAT PROMOTE FEED EFFICIENCY BY IDENTIFYING MICROBIAL GENES AND PATHWAYS TO USE AS TARGETS FOR ISOLATING DIRECT FED MICROBIALS.
$499,979Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska · · FY2018 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Collaborative Research: Dimensions US-China-South Africa: Establishing genetic, phylogenetic and functional mechanisms that shape microbiome diversity of polar and alpine soils
$499,973Thomas E Hanson · University Of Delaware · · FY2021 · BIO
THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND MICROBIAL METABOLITES HAVE SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON HEALTH AND DISEASE IN LOCAL GUT AS WELL AS REMOTE ORGANS SUCH AS THE BRAIN VIA COMPLICATED GUT-BRAIN AXIS. FOOD IS A STRONG MODULATOR OF THE GUT MICROBIOME. THE WALNUT IS A WELL-KNOWN FOOD SUPPLEMENT THAT IMPROVES METABOLIC FUNCTION, REDUCES COLON CANCER RISK AND LOWERS DEPRESSION SCORE. SEVERAL STUDIES--INCLUDING OURS--HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT WALNUT CONSUMPTION RECONFIGURED THE MICROBIOME TOWARDS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MILIEU, RAISING THE POSSIBILITY THAT THE MICROBIOME MAY MEDIATE WALNUT-ASSOCIATED HEALTH BENEFITS. OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WALNUTS, MICROBIOME AND OVERALL HUMAN HEALTH, INCLUDING OF DISTANT ORGAN SYSTEMS IS INCOMPLETE. BY LEVERAGING STATE-OF-ART WHOLE GENOME SHOTGUN SEQUENCING AND METABOLOME ASSAY, OUR PROPOSED STUDY WILL COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE THE FULL MICROBIOME (BACTERIAL SPECIES, VIRUSES, FUNGI) CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO WALNUT CONSUMPTION; DELINEATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERVENTION DURATION AND PERSISTENCE OF THE MICROBIOME CHANGES; SIMULTANEOUSLY MAP AND TRACK THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF METABOLOME FROM FECAL PELLETS TO GUT MUCOSA TISSUE, CIRCULATION AND THE BRAIN; AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, DETERMINE WHETHER THE MICROBIOME PLAYS AN CAUSAL ROLE IN WALNUT-ASSOCIATED METABOLIC BENEFITS.
$499,906University Of Connecticut Health Center · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
High Resolution Characterization of Gut Microbiome and its Response to Antibiotics
$499,878Gang Fang · Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai · R01 · FY2020 · GM
CAREER: Understanding and Harnessing Host-derived Small RNAs Against Opportunistic Pathogens
$499,872Jiahe Li · Northeastern University · · FY2023 · ENG
Collaborative Research: EDGE FGT: Functional Genomic Tools for Parasitic Nematodes and their Bacterial Symbionts
$499,872Paul W Sternberg · California Institute Of Technology · · FY2021 · BIO
IN RECENT YEARS, CONSIDERABLE EMPHASIS HAS BEEN PLACED ON IMPROVING SOIL HEALTH IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS VIA INCREASED INPUTS OF ORGANIC NUTRIENTS (E.G., COMPOST, COVER CROPS). THERE IS EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT CROPS BRED UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH FERTILIZER INPUTS AND RELATIVELY DEGRADED SOILS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF, OR SUPPORT, IMPROVEMENTS TO SOIL HEALTH (AND INCREASED ORGANIC N) DUE TO A DISCONNECT BETWEEN PLANTS ROOTS ASSOCIATED INPUTS AND BIOLOGICALLY-MEDIATED NUTRIENT PROCESSES IN SOILS (E.G. DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE). BASED ON THESE IDEAS, THE RESEARCH PROPOSED HERE SEEKS TO: 1) EVALUATE HOW CROP VARIETIES AFFECT SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AND, IN TURN, IMPACTS N CYCLING; AND 2) INVESTIGATE HOW DIFFERENT VARIETIES RESPOND TO INHERENT DIFFERENCES IN SOIL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND DIVERSITY. WE WILL EXPLORE EXISTING VARIATION IN WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM), FOCUSING SPECIFICALLY ON TRAITS RELATED TO BELOWGROUND ALLOCATION, AND THEN EXPLORE CROP VARIETY RESPONSES TO AN IMPOSED GRADIENT OF SOIL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND DIVERSITY. A SET OF EXPERIMENTS WILL: 1) QUANTIFY BELOWGROUND C INPUT (FROM ROOTS AND EXUDATES) FROM DIVERSE WHEAT VARIETIES USING 13C ISOTOPIC LABELING IN THE GREENHOUSE; 2) ASSESS IMPACTS OF THESE VARIETIES ON SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR N CYCLING ACTIVITIES; 3) EXPLORE HOW PRE-EXISTING DIFFERENCES IN SOIL BIOLOGY/HEALTH INTERACT WITH WHEAT GENOTYPES TO AFFECT OVERALL CROP PERFORMANCE; AND 4) EVALUATE HOW VARIETIES AND SOIL MANAGEMENT CHANGES TO N CYCLING AFFECT THE AVAILABILITY OF N AND UPTAKE BY PLANTS. BY EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CROP VARIETIES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED MICROBIOMES AND HOW SUCH INTERACTIONS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN SOIL HEALTH, THIS RESEARCH ADDRESSES MULTIPLE PRIORITIES OF THE PROGRAM AREA ON FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.
$499,870Colorado State University · · FY2018 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
URoL: MTM 1: Chemistry of cnidarian symbiosis: microbiomes role in association, morphogenesis, and protection
$499,868Sandra Loesgen · University Of Florida · · FY2020 · BIO
Dietary influence on infant growth and the gut microbiota
$499,846Minghua Tang · Colorado State University · R01 · FY2025 · DK