Sort
24,576 grants matching “microbiome”
DROUGHTS AND HEAT WAVES HAVE ALWAYS THREATENED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND WILL DO SO EVEN MORE IN THE FUTURE AS DROUGHTS BECOME MORE FREQUENT AND SEVERE. WHILE TACTICS LIKE BREEDING DROUGHT-RESISTANT VARIETIES ARE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF ADDRESSING THIS CHALLENGE, THEY WOULD BE EVEN MORE EFFECTIVE AS PART OF A STRATEGY THAT INCREASES THE RESILIENCE OF THE WHOLE AGROECOSYSTEM. BUILDING BENEFICIAL SOIL MICROBIOTA AND RESTORING SOIL HEALTH MAY FORM THE FOUNDATION OF THIS STRATEGY BY INCREASING THE SOIL-BASED REGULATING AND SUPPORTING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES THAT SUPPORT CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN STRESSFUL CONDITIONS. HERE, WE WILL DETERMINE HOW GREATER CROP ROTATIONAL DIVERSITY, I.E. THE DIVERSITY OF CROPS IN TIME, AFFECTS THE PLANT-SOIL-MICROBE INTERACTIONS THAT COULD BUILD BENEFICIAL MICROBIOTAAND SOIL HEALTH, AND IN TURN LEAD TO GREATER RESILIENCE OF CROP PRODUCTIVITY TO DROUGHTS AND HEAT WAVES. TO DO SO, WE WILL LEVERAGE DECADES OF PRIOR USDA AND UNIVERSITY INVESTMENT IN LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS THAT COMPARE THE DIVERSITY OF CROPS IN ROTATION. SOIL WILL BE SAMPLED FROMSIMPLE (ONE CROP) AND COMPLEX CROP ROTATIONS AT FIVE LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS THAT SPAN A GRADIENT OF MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE CENTRAL U.S. MICROBES IN THE SOIL AND NEAR CORN ROOTS WILL BE CHARACTERIZED USING DNA SEQUENCING TO DETERMINE HOW CROP ROTATIONAL DIVERSITY AFFECTS THE DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF MICROBES. SOIL FROM THESE SAME ROTATIONS WILL THEN BE USED TO INOCULATE A COMMON SOIL IN A GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENTTO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE WHOLE SOIL BIOTA ON CORN PERFORMANCE UNDER WATER STRESS. WE WILL ALSO MEASURE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND MICROBIAL COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS THAT DRIVE SOIL CARBON ACCUMULATION TO EVALUATE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OBSERVED INCREASES IN SOIL ORGANIC MATTER WITH MORE DIVERSE CROP ROTATIONS. FROM THESE FIVE LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS PLUS AN ADDITIONAL FIVE SIMILAR LONG-TERMEXPERIMENTS, HISTORICAL CROP YIELD AND WEATHER DATA WILL BE ANALYZED TO QUANTIFY THE EXTENTTO WHICH MORE DIVERSE ROTATIONS PERFORM BETTER IN ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS. VARIATION IN THIS ROTATION EFFECT ACROSS SITES WILL BE LINKED TO CHANGES IN SOIL MICROBES AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER. TOGETHER, THESE APPROACHES WILL PROVIDEFOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF HOW CROP ROTATION COMPLEXITY HELPS BUILD A MORE BENEFICIAL RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIOME AND ENHANCES SOIL HEALTH, ULTIMATELY CONTRIBUTING TO GREATER YIELD RESILIENCE TO DROUGHTS AND HEAT WAVES. IN TURN, THIS WILL PROVIDE A STRONG RATIONALEFOR CROPPING SYSTEM DIVERSIFICATION AS A SOUND ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH INCREASING CLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN THE FUTURE. THE RESULTS WILL BE BROADLY SHARED AND WILL INFORM GROWERS' OPTIONS TO CREATE MORE RESILIENT AGROECOSYSTEMS.
$499,354Regents Of The University Of California, The · · FY2017 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
The Role of the Intestinal Mycobiome in Alcoholic Liver Disease
$499,298Bernd G. Schnabl · University Of California, San Diego · R01 · FY2023 · AA
**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** DAIRY COWS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE USA, WITH MILK PRODUCTION VALUED AT NEARLY $32 BILLION. IT IS IN OUR BEST INTEREST TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND OUTPUT OF DAIRY HERDS. RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR ABILITY TO CHARACTERIZE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES HAVE INCREASED OUR AWARENESS OF THE ROLE THAT RUMINAL MICROBES PLAY IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF COWS. THE RUMEN MICROBIOTA IS THUS AN ATTRACTIVE TRAIT FOR THE SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY COW PERFORMANCE. A SIGNIFICANT BARRIER TO THIS IS THE LACK OF PAIRED HOST GENOTYPE-RUMINAL MICROBIOTA DATA FROM A LARGE COHORT OF COWS, PRIMARILY DUE TO OUR INABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY SAMPLE TO RUMEN MICROBIOME IN A NON-INVASIVE AND HIGH-THROUGHPUT METHOD. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE HAVE PIONEERED A BUCCAL SWABBING APPROACH AND DEMONSTRATED THAT IT IS AN EFFECTIVE PROXY FOR THE RUMINAL MICROBIOME. WE WILLLEVERAGETHIS METHODTO GENERATE RUMINAL MICROBIOME DATA FOR A COHORT OF 800 GENOTYPED DAIRY COWS ACROSS TWO USDA RESEARCH FARMS. EACH ANIMAL WILL ALSO BE SUBJECTED TO TARGETED GENOTYPING TO DETERMINE HOST VARIANTS IN GENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY. BOTH HOST GENOTYPE AND RUMINAL MICROBIOME DATA WILL BE CORRELATED IN A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MILK PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY. FINALLY, THESE DATA WILL BE INCORPORATED INTO BOVINEMINE TO ALLOW FOR PUBLIC ACCESS AND DISSEMINATION. THIS IMPORTANT RESOURCE AND TOOL WILL EXPEDITE THE DISCOVERY OF POTENTIAL MICROBIAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH HOST GENETIC MARKERS USABLE FOR SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY COW PRODUCTION.
$499,281University Of Wisconsin System · · FY2020 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Occupational Exposure and Health Risk from Dairy Microbiome and Resistome to Dairy Farm Workers
$499,260Gautam Dantas · Washington University · R01 · FY2018 · OH
CSBR: Living Stocks Support for the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center
$499,229Hippokratis Kiaris · University Of South Carolina At Columbia · · FY2018 · BIO
**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** RECENT STUDIES HAVE HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLE OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A NUMBER OF DISEASES INCLUDING METABOLIC SYNDROME. THE MICROBIOTA IS COMPOSED OF MILLIONS OF BACTERIA THAT HAVE PROFOUND EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PRODUCING A NUMBER OF DISEASE RELATED METABOLITES, SUCH AS TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE (TMAO), WHICH WE HAVE DESCRIBED IN OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES. MANY QUESTIONS REMAIN REGARDING THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MICROBIOME TO THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. FOR EXAMPLE WE DO NOT KNOW WHICH BACTERIA IN THE GUT ARE REGULATING METABOLIC SYNDROME SUSCEPTIBILITY AND HOW DIET INTERACTS WITH THESE BACTERIA. MOREOVER THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF EARLY ONSET DIABETES AND CHILDHOOD OBESITY SUGGEST THAT MATERNAL FACTORS MAY BE MODULATING DISEASE RISK. WE SUGGEST THAT DISCOVERY OF SPECIFIC BACTERIA, THEIR GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES, AND NUTRIENT*MICROBIOTA INTERACTIONS ARE CRITICAL TO REFINE OUR DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS.OUR PRELIMINARY STUDIES SUGGEST THATMATERNAL DIET MAY BE INTERACTING WITH THE MICROBIOTA TO AFFECT METABOLIC SYNDROME. IN THE PROPOSED WORK, WE CAPITALIZE UPON OUR EXPERTISE IN MOUSE GENETICS TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL DIET ON METABOLIC SYNDROME SUSCEPTIBILITY IN OFFSPRING. THESE STUDIES ALLOW US TO LEVERAGE WELL-CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS IN MICE USING THE MOST ADVANCED MOUSE GENETIC RESOURCES AVAILABLE CALLED THE COLLABORATIVE CROSS. USING A SIMPLE BREEDING SCHEME WE WILL TEST THE EFFECTS OF DIET ON MATERNAL MICROBIOTA, THE TRANSMISSION OF MICROBIOTA TO OFFSPRING AND THE EFFECTS OF THESE TRANSMITTED MICROBIOTA ON METABOLIC SYNDROME. SPECIFIC BACTERIAL GENES ARE IDENTIFIED THROUGH RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS AND TESTED IN-VIVO USING ADOPTIVE TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS.
$499,225Agricultural Research Service · · FY2020 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
The Role of the Intestinal Mycobiome in Alcoholic Liver Disease
$499,159Bernd G. Schnabl · University Of California, San Diego · R01 · FY2025 · AA
The Role of the Intestinal Mycobiome in Alcoholic Liver Disease
$499,159Bernd G. Schnabl · University Of California, San Diego · R01 · FY2024 · AA
Multidisciplinary research training in pulmonary diseases
$499,146Claire M Doerschuk · Univ Of North Carolina Chapel Hill · T32 · FY2020 · HL
A Phase II Trial to Prevent Linear Growth Stunting and Malnutrition in Impoverished Children from a Low-Income Country by Treating Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth
$499,076Jeffrey Ryan Donowitz · University Of Virginia · R01 · FY2025 · HD
Functional Microbiomics Core-Bodduluri
$499,069Haribabu Bodduluri · University Of Louisville · P20 · FY2021 · GM
Multi-omic approaches to mechanisms of vitamin D, environmental influences, and the microbiome on asthma
$499,030Scott T Weiss · Brigham And Women'S Hospital · UG3 · FY2016 · OD
Early life ENM-exposure and the impact on neurobehavioral and cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical mechanisms
$499,002Ninell Pollas Mortensen · Research Triangle Institute · U01 · FY2016 · ES
Early life ENM-exposure and the impact on neurobehavioral and cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical mechanisms
$499,001Ninell Pollas Mortensen · Research Triangle Institute · U01 · FY2017 · ES
Early life ENM-exposure and the impact on neurobehavioral and cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical mechanisms
$499,001Ninell Pollas Mortensen · Research Triangle Institute · U01 · FY2019 · ES
Early life ENM-exposure and the impact on neurobehavioral and cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical mechanisms
$499,000Timothy R Fennell · Research Triangle Institute · U01 · FY2020 · ES
Washington National Primate Research Center
$499,000Sean D Sullivan · University Of Washington · P51 · FY2020 · OD
THE DIVERSE COMMUNITIES OF MICROBES THAT RESIDE IN THE HUMAN INTESTINAL TRACT PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE PREVENTION OF ENTERIC INFECTION FOR BOTH ASTRONAUTS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC. A COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW CHANGES IN GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION IMPACTS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION HAS BEEN LIMITED BY A LACK OF COST-EFFECTIVE PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT INFECTION MODELS CONTAINING BOTH HUMAN HOST AND MICROBIAL CELLS. WE PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED AN ADVANCED THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3-D) MODEL OF HUMAN COLON CONTAINING INFLAMMATORY IMMUNE CELLS AND APPLIED IT TO STUDY HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS INCLUDING THE INFLUENCE OF LOW FLUID SHEAR MICROGRAVITY ANALOGUE CULTURE ON THE ABILITY OF THE ENTERIC PATHOGEN SALMONELLA TO COLONIZE THE HOST. THIS SAME MODEL WAS ALSO APPLIED TO STUDY HOSTMICROBIOTA INTERACTIONS USING PATIENT-DERIVED FECAL CONSORTIA FROM BOTH HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE SUFFERING FROM A GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER. FOR THE PROPOSED STUDY OUR GOAL IS TO POPULATE OUR 3-D INTESTINAL CO-CULTURE MODEL CONTAINING IMMUNE CELLS WITH ASTRONAUT FECAL MICROBIOTA (PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED DURING THE MICROBIOME SPACEFLIGHT EXPERIMENT) AND ASSESS ITS INFLUENCE ON INFECTION WITH SALMONELLA CULTURED UNDER MICROGRAVITY ANALOGUE CONDITIONS. THE OUTCOME OF THESE INTERACTIONS WILL BE PROFILED USING A VARIETY OF APPROACHES INCLUDING COLONIZATION STUDIES MICROSCOPY METABOLOMICS 16S ANALYSIS AND CYTOKINE ANALYSIS. THE FOODBORNE PATHOGEN SALMONELLA WAS SELECTED AS THE MODEL PATHOGEN AS IT IS A LEADING CAUSE OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE WORLDWIDE AND IMPOSES AN ENORMOUS HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC BURDEN. FROM NASAS PERSPECTIVE SALMONELLA IS CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF INFECTION DURING SPACEFLIGHT THAT COULD INCAPACITATE CREW MEMBERS DURING A MISSION. DUE TO ITS ROUTE OF ACCESS THROUGH SPACEFLIGHT FOOD NASA SPECIFICALLY TESTS FOR SALMONELLA PRIOR TO FLIGHT AND HAS PREVIOUSLY DISQUALIFIED FOOD DESTINED FOR THE ISS BASED ON THE ISOLATION OF THIS PATHOGEN. THE PROPOSED MICROGRAVITY ANALOGUE STUDIES COMBINE MICROBIOLOGY TISSUE ENGINEERING AND PHYSICS TO PROVIDE NEW INSIGHT INTO THE INFLUENCE OF SPACEFLIGHT ON HOST-MICROBIOME INTERACTIONS AND THE ABILITY TO PROTECT AGAINST PATHOGEN INFECTION WITH APPLICATIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT FOR SPACEFLIGHT EXPLORATION AND HEALTH OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
$498,913Arizona State University · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
High Resolution Characterization of Gut Microbiome and its Response to Antibiotics
$498,910Gang Fang · Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai · R01 · FY2019 · GM
MANAGED HONEY BEE POPULATIONS ARE EXPERIENCING HISTORIC AND UNSUSTAINABLE LEVELS OF COLONY LOSS THAT THREATEN THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE UNITED STATES. THESE LOSSES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO A NUMBER OF STRESSORS SUCH AS PATHOGENS, PESTICIDES, AND HABITAT LOSS, BUT MOUNTING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT MALNUTRITION IS A MAJOR FACTOR WITH BOTH DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS. COMMERCIAL BEEKEEPERS HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY RELIANT ON ARTIFICIAL POLLEN SUBSTITUTE DIETS AS LANDSCAPES SHIFT TO AGRICULTURALLY INTENSIVE MONOCULTURES THAT DO NOT MEET THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF BEES. THEREFORE, IMPROVING THE EFFICACY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF POLLEN SUBSTITUTES CAN BE CONSIDERED VITAL TO MODERN BEEKEEPING. MICROALGAE ARE PROLIFIC SOURCES OF PLANT?BASED NUTRITION WITH MANY SPECIES EXHIBITING BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES THAT ARE COMPARABLE TO POLLEN. OUR CURRENT DATA INDICATE THAT MICROALGAE ARE RICH IN ESSENTIAL PROTEINS AND LIPIDS THAT ARE READILY METABOLIZED BY BEES. FURTHER, RAPID GROWTH RATES AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION ENABLE MICROALGAE TO SURPASS CURRENT PROTEIN FEED RESOURCES, SUCH AS SOY AND CORN, ON AN AREA BASIS USING NON-ARABLE LAND, REDUCING SOME ENVIRONMENTAL BURDENS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE THAT NEGATIVELY IMPACT POLLINATORS.IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE OUTLINE APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF NOVEL FEED TECHNOLOGIES CAPABLE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY ADDRESSING MULTIPLE HONEY BEE STRESSORS. FIRST, WE WILL CONDUCT COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENTS OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MICROALGAE SPECIES ON INDIVIDUAL BEE NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOME FIDELITY. SECOND, WE WILL MEASURE THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING AT THE COLONY LEVEL IN COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS WITH BEEKEEPER AND QUEEN BREEDER STAKEHOLDERS. THIRD, WE WILL DEVELOP AND TEST THE EFFICACY OF NOVEL MICROALGAE STRAINS WITH ALTERED MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENT RATIOS THAT ADDRESS SPECIFIC HONEY BEE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. FINALLY, WE WILL DEVELOP AND TEST THE EFFICACY OF NOVEL MICROALGAE STRAINS TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE AGAINST PATHOGENS AND PARASITES. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL PROVIDE VALUABLE INFORMATION REGARDING THE NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL POLLEN SUBSTITUTE, AS WELL AS APPROACHES TOWARDS DEVELOPING FEED-BASED THERAPEUTICS TO IMPROVE HONEY BEE HEALTH.
$498,901Agricultural Research Service · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Interdisciplinary Systems-based Training for Precision Nutrition
$498,891Corrie Marie Whisner · Arizona State University-Tempe Campus · T32 · FY2025 · DK
Core B: Biorepository Core
$498,883Brock Clarke Christensen · Dartmouth College · P20 · FY2022 · GM
MTM 1: Experimental framework for marine fish microbiomes through synthetic communities and multi-omic approaches
$498,850Eric Allen · University Of California-San Diego Scripps Inst Of Oceanography · · FY2020 · BIO
Molecular Characterization of Breast Duct Epithelium at Risk for Breast Cancer
$498,834David Danforth · Division Of Clinical Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2020 · CA
Topical Vancomycin for Craniotomy Wound Prophylaxis
$498,820Edward Sander Connolly · Columbia University Health Sciences · R01 · FY2015 · HS