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24,576 grants matching “microbiome”
Longitudinal Analysis of Low pH Streptococci and Plaque Microbiome in Early Childhood Caries
$495,389Jeffrey A Banas · University Of Iowa · R01 · FY2018 · DE
BEES ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT POLLINATORS OF BOTH WILD PLANTS AND AGRICULTURAL CROPS. ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, BEE POLLINATION CONTRIBUTES $170B TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND AN ESTIMATED $15.1B TO US AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. BOTH WILD AND MANAGED BEES ARE PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR THE HIGH-VALUE, SPECIALTY CROPS PRODUCED IN THE EASTERN US. APPLES, CHERRIES, PEACHES, PLUMS, CRANBERRIES, STRAWBERRIES, CUCURBITS, AND CANE FRUITS ARE ALL DEPENDENT ON THE POLLINATION SERVICES OF BEES. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS A GROWING BODY OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT WILD, MOSTLY SOLITARY, BEES CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO HIGH VALUE, SPECIALTY CROP POLLINATION IN THE US.BUT THE POLLINATION SERVICES THAT WILD BEES PROVIDE ARE VULNERABLE. OUR PREVIOUS WORK HAS SHOWN THAT CHANGES IN BOTH LANDSCAPE AND PESTICIDE USE CAN IMPACT THE ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF WILD BEES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS IN NEW YORK AND WISCONSIN. FUNGICIDES, IN PARTICULAR, WERE FOUND TO HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE WILD BEE COMMUNITY. THIS IS A PUZZLING RESULT BECAUSE FUNGICIDES ARE CONSIDERED TO HAVE LOW DIRECT TOXICITY TO BEES (AS MEASURED BY LD50 VALUES OBTAINED FOR ADULT HONEY BEE WORKERS).ONE POSSIBLE MECHANISM BY WHICH FUNGICIDES ARE IMPACTING WILD BEES MAY BE VIA THEIR IMPACTS ON THE BROOD CELL MICROBIOME. THE BROOD CELL MICROBIOME REFERS TO THE BACTERIA AND FUNGI THAT LIVE WITHIN THE POLLEN PROVISIONS OF SOLITARY AND SOCIAL BEES. WE KNOW FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES AND OUR OWN WORK THAT THE POLLEN AND NECTAR PROVISIONS OF SOLITARY BEES HOST A DIVERSE COMMUNITY OF BOTH BACTERIA AND FUNGI. IN PEPONAPIS PRUINOSA, THE SQUASH BEE, WE DOCUMENTED 160 BACTERIA AND 240 FUNGAL SPECIES IN POLLEN PROVISIONS ACROSS SITES IN UPSTATE NY. WORK BY SHAWN STEFFAN AND COLLEAGUES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN HAS SHOWN THAT THESE MICROBES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE LARVAL DIET OF BEES. BEE LARVAE ARE CONSUMING AND ASSIMILATING PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS FROM THESE MICROBES AND FUNGICIDES MAY DISRUPT THIS MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN WAYS THAT IMPACT BEE NUTRITION AND ULTIMATELY LARVAL DEVELOPMENT.WE PROPOSE TO DELVE DEEPLY INTO HOW FUNGICIDES AND OTHER AGROCHEMICALS IMPACT THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF THE POLLEN PROVISIONS FOUR IMPORTANT WILD POLLINATORS: BOMBUS IMPATIENS (THE COMMON EASTERN BUMBLEBEE), PEPONAPIS PRUINOSA (THE SQUASH BEE), OSMIA CORNIFRONS (THE HORN-FACED BEE) AND OSMIA RIBIFLORIS (THE BLUEBERRY BEE). OUR FOCAL BEE SPECIES ARE IMPORTANT POLLINATORS OF MANY CROPS, INCLUDING CUCURBITS, FLOWERING FRUIT TREES, BLUEBERRIES, AND MANY OTHERS. WE HAVE CHOSEN BEES THAT SPAN A RANGE OF LIFE HISTORIES, INCLUDING ONE SOLITARY, GROUND-NESTER (PEPONAPIS PRUINOSA; APIDAE), TWO ABOVE-GROUND, CAVITY NESTERS (OSMIA CORNIFRONS AND O. RIBIFLORIS; MEGACHILIDAE), AND ONE CAVITY-NESTING SOCIAL BEE (BOMBUS IMPATIENS: APIDAE). THESE BEE SPECIES RANGE FROM NARROW HOST-PLANT SPECIALISTS (PEPONAPIS PRUINOSA AND OSMIA RIBIFLORIS) TO BROAD, HOST-PLANT GENERALISTS (OSMIA CORNIFRONS AND BOMBUS IMPATIENS). OUR RANGE OF TAXA INCLUDE MASS-PROVISIONING SOLITARY BEES (PEPONAPIS, OSMIA) AND PROGRESSIVELY PROVISIONING SOCIAL BEES (BOMBUS).WE HAVE CONSIDERABLE EXPERTISE WORKING ON THESE BEE SPECIES. THROUGH THE USE OF METAGENOMIC METHODS (16S AND ITS AMPLICON SEQUENCING AND RNA-SEQ), THE USE OF STABLE ISOTOPES TO IDENTIFY TROPHIC LEVEL, AND CAREFUL MANIPULATIVE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, WE PROPOSE TO EXPLORE HOW FUNGICIDES MODIFY THE NATURAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AND HOW PERTURBATIONS OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IMPACT BEE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT.OUR PROJECT WILL CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACTS OF FUNGICIDES ON BEE HEALTH. WE WILL DOCUMENT FOR THE FIRST TIME THE DIVERSITY OF MICROBIAL ASSOCIATES IN THE FOUR FOCAL BEE SPECIES, WE WILL DETERMINE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THESE MICROBES TO BEE NUTRITION, AND WE WILL EXPERIMENTALLY MANIPULATE THE BROOD CELL MICROBIOME IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND HOW PERTURBATIONS IN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IMPACT LARVAL DEVELOPMENT. OUR RESULTS WILL HAVE IMPACTS ONOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASIC BIOLOGY OF BEES, ON POLICIES GOVERNING PESTICIDE USE AND ON BEST-MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND ON THE HEALTH OF FARMERS AND THE WORKERS WHO CONTRIBUTE TO CROP PRODUCTION ACROSS THE US.
$495,346Cornell University · · FY2019 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Menstrual cups, maturation of the adolescent vaginal microbiome, and STI/HIV risk
$495,343Supriya Dinesh Mehta · University Of Illinois At Chicago · R01 · FY2019 · HD
ATD: Collaborative Research: Statistical Ensembles for the Identification of Bacterial Genomes
$495,318Jennifer L Clarke · University Of Nebraska-Lincoln · · FY2013 · MPS
Biomarker Development Laboratory
$495,245Leopoldo Nicolas Segal · New York University School Of Medicine · U2C · FY2024 · CA
Neurobiological and neurocognitive consequences of diverse microbiome functional trajectories
$495,201Steven R. Gill · University Of Rochester · R01 · FY2025 · MH
Interdisciplinary Immunology Training Program
$495,189David G. Schatz · Yale University · T32 · FY2021 · AI
Accessing the hidden biosynthetic capabilities of fungi
$495,117Nancy P Keller · University Of Wisconsin-Madison · R35 · FY2025 · GM
Clinical
$495,103James P. Nataro · University Of Maryland Baltimore · U19 · FY2010 · AI
BRC-BIO:The symbionts' symbionts: Dissecting the microbiome of the coral endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae)
$495,000Anny J Cardenas · American University · · FY2025 · BIO
Redox Cofactor Diversity in Enzymatic Superfamilies
$495,000Sean J Elliott · Boston University (Charles River Campus) · R35 · FY2021 · GM
Redox Cofactor Diversity in Enzymatic Superfamilies
$495,000Sean J Elliott · Boston University (Charles River Campus) · R35 · FY2024 · GM
Redox Cofactor Diversity in Enzymatic Superfamilies
$495,000Sean J Elliott · Boston University (Charles River Campus) · R35 · FY2023 · GM
Redox Cofactor Diversity in Enzymatic Superfamilies
$495,000Sean J Elliott · Boston University (Charles River Campus) · R35 · FY2022 · GM
The NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes (NANO) Trial
$494,999Michael Morowitz · University Of Pittsburgh At Pittsburgh · R01 · FY2022 · HD
Spatial Organization of the Oral Microbiome
$494,729Gary G Borisy · Ada Forsyth Institute, Inc. · R01 · FY2016 · DE
Functional genomics analysis of colonization and persistence of Enterococcus faecalis in the gastrointestinal tract.
$494,652Gary M Dunny · University Of Minnesota · R01 · FY2017 · AI
Therapeutic targets in African-American youth with type 2 diabetes
$494,644Stephanie Therese Chung · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2021 · DK
Understanding the origins and mechanisms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor promiscuity
$494,631Mark E Hahn · Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution · R01 · FY2024 · ES
Understanding the origins and mechanisms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor promiscuity
$494,631Mark E Hahn · Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution · R01 · FY2025 · ES
Comprehensive Training Program in Oral Biology
$494,604Jose A Lemos · University Of Florida · T90 · FY2021 · DE
RUMINANTS, ESPECIALLY DAIRY COWS AND BEEF CATTLE, ARE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. THEY CAN UTILIZE FORAGE AND GRAINS TO MAKE ANIMAL PROTEIN LIKE MILK AND BEEF. HOWEVER, THEY CAN ONLY UTILIZE ABOUT 30% OF THE DIETARY NITROGEN, THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PROTEIN. THE LOWER NITROGEN EFFICIENCY IN RUMINANTS THAN IN NON-RUMINANTS IS ATTRIBUTED TO SOME MICROORGANISMS IN THE STOMACH OF THE FORMER, PARTICULARLY RUMEN PROTOZOA. AS A UNIQUE GROUP OF MICROORGANISMS OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN THE RUMEN, RUMEN PROTOZOA ENGULF AND DEGRADE THE MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIZED BY THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY USING THE INGESTED FEED, WHICH CREATES RECYCLING OF MICROBIAL PROTEIN IN THE RUMEN AND DECREASING THE FLOW OF THE PROTEIN TO THE SMALL INTESTINE WHERE PROTEIN IS DIGESTED AND ABSORBED. THIS WASTEFUL INTRARUMINAL RECYCLING OF MICROBIAL PROTEIN SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASES NITROGEN UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN ALL RUMINANTS, RESULTING IN HIGH PRODUCTION COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY THE EXCRETED NITROGEN. THUS, THERE IS A CRITICAL NEED TO DECREASE THE INTRARUMINAL RECYCLING OF MICROBIAL PROTEIN TO IMPROVE NITROGEN UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN RUMINANTS, ESPECIALLY IN DAIRY COWS. RECENTLY, WE FOUND THAT (I) RUMEN PROTOZOA DEPEND ON LIVE BACTERIA FOR THEIR SURVIVAL AND GROWTH, (II) THE GENES ENCODING THEIR DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ARE HIGHLY EXPRESSED, (III) INHIBITION OF THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES SUBSTANTIALLY INHIBITS RUMEN PROTOZOA AND AMMONIA PRODUCTION, WITHOUT ADVERSELY AFFECTING OTHER ASPECTS OF THE RUMEN ECOSYSTEM, AND (IV) SPECIFIC INHIBITORS AGAINST THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES CAN BE PREDICTED FROM THE STRUCTURES OF THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES. IN THIS RESEARCH, WE WILL CONDUCT IN VITRO STUDIES TO IDENTIFY THE BEST INHIBITORS, DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE DOSES, AND INVESTIGATE THEIR EFFECT ON FEED DIGESTIBILITY, ENGULFMENT AND DEGRADATION OF BACTERIA, ACTIVITIES OF THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, AND THE RUMEN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY.WE WILL THEN USE GROWING LAMBS AS A MODEL TO VERIFY THE INHIBITORS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ANIMALS AND THE RUMEN MICROBIOME. OUR ULTIMATE GOALS ARE TO FILL CRITICAL GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE ON THE ROLES OF PROTOZOAL DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN RUMEN FUNCTION AND TO DEVELOP AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO IMPROVE NITROGEN UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY, PARTICULARLY IN DAIRY COWS AND BEEF CATTLE, WITH NO ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE ANIMALS OR THEIR RUMEN ECOSYSTEM. THIS PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL BE TRANSFORMATIVE AND TRANSLATIONAL AND CAN POTENTIALLY BENEFIT THE US DAIRY AND BEEF PRODUCERS ECONOMICALLY AND THE SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTALLY IN THE FUTURE.
$494,519Ohio State University, The · · FY2021 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
A Novel Immunological-Directed Biotherapy for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
$494,488Gary Fanger · Rise Therapeutics, Llc · R44 · FY2023 · AG
Triclosan, pubertal hormones, and the gut microbiome: implications for neurobehavior
$494,444Hannah Elizabeth Laue · University Of Massachusetts Amherst · R00 · FY2025 · ES
The Genomics and Antagonism of Pathobiont Colonization
$494,404Anthony W Maresso · Baylor College Of Medicine · U19 · FY2019 · AI